source: http://mininaturecube.blogspot.nl/2013/03/lets-start-with-nature-aquarium.html
What is Iwagumi Style
History
The Japanese are master gardeners, practicing the art since the 6th century. From the late 12th century to the 19th century, Japanese gardens became a high art form, having been influenced by the Japanese Tea Ceremony and their Zen beliefs. By that time, Japanese gardens were known as places for contemplation, meditation, enjoying the wonders of nature and as a place for meaningful ceremonies. Seyemon Kusumoto wrote that the Japanese are best at ‘generating nature’s handiwork in a limited amount of space’. Japanese gardens became so beautiful that they were imported overseas, there are now 65 notable gardens found outside of Japan.
Japanese Garden | Erinji
Iwagumi Style
The Japanese word “Iwagumi” literally means “rock formation.” In a Japanese rock garden, the rocks are the “bones” of the layout and usually consist of three rocks; one main or large rock flanked by two smaller rocks, but not of equal size. When the rock formation is placed properly, the rest of the layout will simply fall into place. In our hobby this has been taken far beyond three rocks but, the main principles should still be used.
The iwagumi or ‘stone formation’ style was developed some 30 years ago. When Takashi Amano was in his early 20s, he became interested in creating an aquatic layout using rocks and studied Suiseki, the Japanese art of stone appreciation and Bonseki, the art of creating miniature landscapes on a black lacquer tray. These studies and his own experiments aided him in establishing the iwagumi style.
Define Your Hardscape
The first rock to be placed in an Iwagumi is the primary rock or largest rock, the
Oyaishi, and it is always placed off center, in accordance to the one third rule. It is also often slightly tilted in the direction of the water flow, to give it more of a natural feel as any tall flora will also move in the same direction.
After the Oyaishi, the second largest rock is placed, the
Fukuishi. The Fukuishi is placed on either the left or right side of the Oyaishi, its role is to balance out the Oyaishi and to create a tension that is seen in all Iwagumi aquascapes.
The third largest rock follows the Fukuishi, the
Soeishi. It is placed in a position that accentuates the strength of the Oyaishi.
The fourth largest rock is the
Suteishi, and it is placed in areas which compliments the entire rock formation and assists in bringing all the different rocks together. The Suteishi are not meant to stand out from the rock formation and they are sometimes hidden by flora, because of these factors, it is also known as the sacrificial stone.
Except for the Oyaishi, there can be many Fukuishi, Soeishi and Suteishi, with the numbers of the particular type increasing as the rocks get smaller. The naming of the rocks based on their sizes provides a guideline to the Nature Aquarium aquascaper on how to produce an Iwagumi aquascape that balances itself.
The most basic of all iwagumi is the
Sanzon Iwagumi, or ‘three-pillared rock formation’. As suggested by its name, only three rocks are used, the Oyaishi, the Fukuishi and the Soeishi. The Sanzon Iwagumi is popular among nano aquascapers because it does not take up much space. Simple and non-complicated, some of the best iwagumi aquascapes are of the Sanzon Iwagumi style.
Select the Right Aquatic Plants
Iwagumi style Planted Aquarium should give you a feeling of tranquility and simplicity; therefore a limited number of plant species are used. An aquascape (Planted Aquarium ) will usually consist of a single foreground plant like Eleocharis acicularis (Dwarf hairgrass), Glossostigma elatinoides, and Hemianthus callitrichoides to name a few commonly used species.
The background should also only consist of one plant species and can vary based upon the look and feel you want to obtain. The rocks are the focal point in an Iwagumi aquascape (Planted Aquarium ). So always use plants that will not over power the rock formation.
Harmony with Fauna
When selecting fish you want to emphasis simplicity, harmony, and unity between the fauna and the aquascape. Too many fish species can cause discord and chaotic random movement among the fish, which distracts from the aquascape.
Instead use a single species of schooling fish to add fluid movement and contentment to the aquascape. The most common used species are Cardinal tetras, Rummy nose tetras, or Harlequin rasboras. It is important to use “schooling” fish and not “shoaling” fish. This helps to maintain a more tranquil environment.
Shrimp like the Caridina japonica (Amano Shrimp) are most often use in the planted aquarium and serve as an excellent clean up crew without distracting the aquascape. Their small size and clear coloration helps them blend well with the plants. Other shrimp varieties can be a distraction if they are too colorful or too abundant.
Not as Easy as it Looks
It is a common misconception that Iwagumi style Planted Aquarium are easy to maintain due to its simplistic look. It is in fact a more difficult style mainly because the style involves only two plant species which require special attention. The plants mentioned previously are heavy root feeders, so dosing the water column should be done in moderation. It is more important to have a nutrient rich substrate to help these specific plants grow strong and healthy. Many hobbyists overlook the importance of a nutrient rich substrate, and may run into plant health issues later as the aquascape develops.
While attempting to create my first Iwagumi style scape, I fell victim to all type of algae know to aquarists. This was by far the most difficult tank to “balance” nutrient wise. With the help of Seachems Excel, I managed to kill all the algae but, unfortunately the Heminathus callitrichoides (H.C.) fell victim as well. I had to re-plant the H.C. and wait for it to fill in again.
I have learned so much creating this little piece of nature that it was well worth all the frustration. So, whether you are a novice or expert, everyone should experience the joys of successfully completing an Iwagumi aquascape.
Posted 21st March 2013 by driptendu maiti
He
had the desire to watch an insect chrysalis transform into an insect so
he placed it, along with some mould in a capped wide-mouthed glass
bottle. He observed this bottle on a regular basis and noted how,
because of the sun, moisture would be drawn to the top of the bottle
during the day then circulate back down to the mould and soil in the
evening. 
This
style of case which was created by Ward and was very popular in
Victorian England was a series of sheets of glass framed together with
metal. The picture at the top of this page gives you a good idea of
this. And this Victorian style case has made quite a comeback over the
past decade or so. Several companies now manufacture and sell them.
